ANDRADE, X.
List of Images
Acknowledgments
Introduction
From "Political Culture" to the Vulgarity
of Democracy in Ecuador
"Culture" and Politics
"Political Culture" and Cultural Producers
Popular Intellectuals and Political Pornography
Ethnography and Fieldwork
Organization of the Book
Part One
History and Cultural Materials
Chapter One
On Regionalism and "Political Culture" in Ecuador
Regional Elites and Poli tic al Power
The Populist Phenomenon in Ecuador
A Critique of the Concept of "Political Culture"
Machismo and Populism
Chapter Two
Pancho Jaime and His Gonzo Journalism
La Mamá del Rock
The Lord's Word
The Magazines: Censura and Comentarios de Pancho Jaime
Writing in a Populist Tradition
Part Two
Texts and Images
Chapter Three
Seeing Politics
The Reactions of Journalists
Women Seeing Politics
The Offensive Effect
Chapter Four
On Political Pornography, Cartoons,
and Defacement
Polítical Pomography
Cartoons and the Visual Representations of Power
Defacement and Public Secrecy
Public Secrecy
Part Three
Machismo and Everyday Life
Chapter Five
On Carnivalesque and Everyday Life
Constructing Carnivalesque
Machismo at the Street Corner
Debunking Machismo
Chapter Six
Masculinity and Politics in Ecuador:
Stereotypes and Public Uses
Patriarchal Balls
Prosthetic Maleness
Perverted Oligarchs
Conclusions
On the Vulgarity of Democracy
Public Intimacy in Guayaquil
Scandals, Scoundrels, Anthropology
Bibliography
THE VULGARITY OF DEMOCRACY explores key aesthetics and affective aspects of democracy via a visual ethnographic exploration of political pornography and the public uses of machismo to construct agendas for popular redemption in Guayaquil, Ecuador, during the 1980s. This period was the beginning of a highly conflictive social process resulting from the imposition of neoliberal policies. Its focus is on the life and work of Pancho Jaime (1946-1989), the most controversial and widely known rock promoter and independent journalist in Ecuador. Between 1984 and his assassination in 1989, Jaime's underground publications used in-depth investigation as well as gossip, pornographic cartoons, and obscene language to comment on democracy and the corruption of political elites. Jaime's strategy was to denounce the conduct of powerful figures in public office, and caricaturize their deformed bodies as indexes of their supposedly "deviant" sexuality.
The cultural materials that compose this censored archive are studied as part of a politics of masculinity historically linked to the hippy legacy, everyday life performances, and populist traditions. Following contemporary and comparative discussions on the political economy of images, and the materiality of image-objects, X. Andrade analyzes the production, circulation, and consumption of Pancho Jaime's political magazine s, audience responses to grotesque visual and aggressive textual discourses, and the effects of revealing public secrets about popular understandings of politics, Ethnographic findings are discussed in relation to concepts of vulgarity, defacement, the performance of masculinity in the public sphere, intimacy, and carnivalesque inversions of power. Going beyond plain understandings of "the popular," this is a critical contribution to current debates on the anthropology of the media, visual economies, fake news, populism, machismo, and the sociallife of images in contemporary societies.
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